OBESITY AND ITS COMORBIDITIES: THE ROLE OF HEALTHY NUTRITION IN MAINTAINING NORMAL BODY COMPOSITION

 

DOWNLOAD DOI: 10.62897/COS2025.3-1.108

Judit Molnára, Dávid Vasasa,*, Mukhtar H. Ahmedb
aDepartment of Water Management and Natural Ecosystems, Albert Kázmér Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences of Széchenyi István University in Mosonmagyaróvár, Vár Square 2. H-9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
bSISAF Nanotechnology Drug Delivery, Ulster University, BT370QB Belfast, UK
vasas.david@sze.hu

Abstract: Obesity is among the most significant public health concerns worldwide. In combination with its comorbidities, it contributes to serious health complications and, in severe cases, may result in mortality. This manuscript presents an overview of obesity and its most prevalent comorbidities. Furthermore, it discusses the role of healthy nutrition in maintaining a normal nutritional status. Electronic sources were systematically reviewed using keywords such as obesity, high energy intake, protein, fat, carbohydrates, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, low-energy diet, and healthy diet. A total of 44 references were included, the majority of which are published in Q-rated journals. Obesity, a globally prevalent condition primarily resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, is influenced by genetic, psychological, and social factors, and is typically diagnosed using Body Mass Index (BMI) alongside complementary anthropometric methods. Furthermore, the review summarizes key characteristics of energy intake and macronutrient composition, alongside essential aspects of detecting obesity associated with excessive nutrient consumption. The most common co-morbidities of obesity are also addressed. According to the literature reviewed in the manuscript, a rising trend has also been observed in obesity-related diseases, including respiratory disorders, musculoskeletal conditions, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndromes. Emphasis is placed on the significance of a healthy diet and long-term lifestyle modifications in both the prevention and management of obesity. Sustained lifestyle changes, adherence to a healthy diet, and regular physical activity are identified as primary strategies for the treatment and prevention of overweight and obesity.

 

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