Mild Hybrid Drivetrain Development for Motorsport Application
| DOWNLOAD | DOI: 10.62897/COS2024.2-1.113 |
|
Author: Kristóf Bukovácz Széchenyi István University - HUMDA Lab Nonprofit Ltd., Hungary kristof.bukovacz@humda.hu |
Abstract: Mild hybrid systems represent a promising avenue for enhancing the efficiency and perfor-mance of conventional vehicles. Yet, their application in motorsport faces significant challenges due to the stringent demands for power, durability, and reliability. This paper details the devel-opment of a mild hybrid drivetrain for Touring Car Racing (TCR) vehicles centred around a crank-shaft starter generator. It encompasses the design, simulation, and testing processes of the sys-tem, highlighting both the advantages and obstacles associated with integrating mild hybrid technology into high-performance racing vehicles. Test results from the prototype demonstrate noticeable improvements in lap times, providing valuable insights into the system’s real-world performance under rigorous track conditions. Through an in-depth analysis of how the drive-train impacts lap times, this study identifies specific enhancements to vehicle competitiveness enabled by mild hybrid technology. Moreover, lessons learned during the development pro-cess inform future iterations, suggesting critical optimisations such as weight reduction and improved power transmission systems. The findings underscore the potential for mild hybrid systems to contribute to sustainable motorsport while offering directions for future research and development aimed at creating high-performance, cost-effective solutions that align with contemporary environmental aspirations.
REFERENCES
Autoweek, 2021, 48-Volt Mild-Hybrid System Explained, Autoweek <autoweek.com/news/a36331077/48-volt-hybrid-system-explained/> accessed 17.10.2024.
Al-Adsani S., Beik O., 2022, Electric and Hybrid Electric Powertrains, Chapter In: Multiphase Hybrid Elec-tric Machines, Springer, Cham. <doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80435-0_5>
SEG Automotive, n.d., 48V/Mild Hybrid Drive Technology: Lower Fuel Consumption and Emissions with Easy Implementation, SEG Automotive <seg-automotive.com/48v/mild-hybrid-technology/> accessed 10.2024.
TCR Eastern Europe, 2023, Attila Bucsi is Set to Make His Debut at Brno, TCR Eastern Europe <easterneu-rope.tcr-series.com/attila-bucsi-is-set-to-make-his-debut-at-brno/> accessed 17.10.2024.
Bao , Avila V., Baxter J., 2017, Effect of 48 V Mild Hybrid System Layout on Powertrain System Efficiency and Its Potential of Fuel Economy Improvement, SAE Technical Paper 2017-01–1175.
Stjepandić , Rock G., Bil C., (Eds.), 2012, Concurrent Engineering Approaches for Sustainable Product De-velopment in a Multi-disciplinary Environment: Proceedings of the 19th ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, Springer Science & Business Media, Trier, Germany.
Ebbesen , Salazar M., Elbert P., Bussi C., Onder C. H., 2018, Time-optimal Control Strategies for a Hybrid Electric Race Car, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 26 (1): 233–247. <doi.org/10.1109-TCST.2017.2661824>
Frederick R., Dixon B., 2020, Optimizing Gear Ratio Selection for Lap Performance, SAE Technical Paper 2020-01–0543.
Khanna , D’Arpino M., Ramesh P., 2022, Design Methodology for Energy Storage System in Motorsports Using Statistical Analysis of Mission Profile, SAE Technical Paper 2022-01–0662.
Liu Z., Ivanco A., Onori S., 2019, Aging characterization and modeling of nickel-manganese-cobalt lithi-um-ion batteries for 48V mild hybrid electric vehicle applications. Journal of Energy Storage, 21, 519–527.<doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2018.11.016>
Mitchell , 2022, How BTCC Completed Its First Hybrid Season, Racecar Engineering, 17 October 2022.
OptimumG, n.d., OptimumLap: A Free, Simplified Vehicle Simulation Tool for Estimating Vehicle Perfor-mance on Racetracks, OptimumG <optimumg.com/product/optimumlap/> accessed 10.2024.
Rao A., Lu B., Parekh M., Sabet M., 2023, Lithium-ion battery fires are a growing public safety concern, here’s how to reduce the risk. The Conversation <theconversation.com/lithium-ion-battery-fires-are-a-growing-public-safety-concern-heres-how-to-reduce-the-risk-209359> accessed 17.10.2024.
Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile, 2024, Safety Equipment for Cars in Groups N, A (and Exten-sions) and R-GT -Appendix J -Article 253, Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile.
Salazar , Balerna C., Chisari E., Bussi C., Onder C. H., 2018, Equivalent Lap Time Minimization Strategies for a Hybrid Electric Race Car, 2018 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), 6125–6131, Miami Beach, FL: IEEE.
Schaub , Ehrly M., Ghetti S., Kakichi Y., Kossioris T., 2021, Mild Hybrid Powertrain Concepts for Off-High-way Applications, In: J. Liebl (Ed.), Heavy-Duty-, On-und Off-Highway-Motoren 2020, Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden, 67–80.
Schöggl P., Haimann A., Ress L., 2011, Hybrid in Motorsports, ATZ Autotechnol, 11 (1), 52–57.
Tran -K., Akinsanya M., Panchal S., Fraser R., Fowler M., 2020, Design of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Pow-ertrain for Performance Optimization Considering Various Powertrain Components and Configurations, Vehicles, 3 (1), 20–32. <doi.org/10.3390/vehicles3010002>
International Energy Agency (IEA), n.d., Well-to-Wheels Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Cars by Power-trains, IEA <iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/well-to-wheels-greenhouse-gas-emissions-for-cars-by-powertrains> accessed 17.10.2024.
Federation Internationale de l’Automobile, 2015, WTCR – FIA World Touring Car Cup: The Pinnacle of Tour-ing Car Racing with TCR Format, FIA <fia.com/events/world-touring-car-cup/season-2022/wtcr-fia-world-touring-car-cup> accessed 17.10.2024.
Zhu , Song S., Tan X., Song C., Prucka R., 2018, Control Optimization of a Charge Sustaining Hybrid Pow-ertrain for Motorsports, SAE Technical Paper 2018-01–0416.