Sustainability Of Election Security From A Multidisciplinary Approach

DOWNLOAD DOI: 10.62897/COS2023.1-1.31

Author:

Roland Kelemena, Ádám Farkas

Széchenyi István University, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Győr, Hungary

Richárd Németh

Széchenyi István University, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Informatics and Electrical Engineering, Győr, Hungary

kelemen.roland@ga.sze.hu


Abstract: The study discusses the importance of election security in modern information age and its impact on democracy. It emphasizes that elections are crucial for democratic functioning, and any threats to their integrity undermine public confidence in the political system. With the increasing digitisation of the electoral process and the reliance on social media for election campaigns, the risks of interference and misinformation have escalated. The paper explores the relationship between national security and sustainability in today’s security environment, highlighting the complexity and totality of security challenges. It argues that sustainability is essential to safeguard security interests in the long term, encompassing not only material aspects but also cognitive and societal resilience. The study delves into the cyber vulnerabilities of electoral systems, such as attacks on e-voting systems and attempts to manipulate related information. It underlines the importance of network and internet security in protecting election-related systems and data and also addresses the role of social media in spreading misinformation and disinformation during elections, as well as the need to enhance security awareness and resilience among the public and election officials. It presents EU and national legislation and practices in this area and then identifies areas where progress is needed in both regulation and best practice to achieve sustainability, based on these and on the experience of recent years.


 

REFERENCES

AVAAZ, 2020, Avaaz Report 5/11/2019. <secure.avaaz.org/campaign/en/disinfo_report_us_2020>, accessed 18.07.2023.

Campos-Freire F., Rodríguez-Castro M., Gesto-Louro A., 2020, The reform of audiovisual legislation and electoral coverage in Spain. (in Hungarian), Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 76, 143–161, DOI: 10.4185/RLCS-2020-1441.

CISA, 2023a, Cybersecurity Toolkit and Resources to Protect Elections. <cisa.gov/cybersecurity-toolkit-and-resources-protect-elections>, accessed 18.07.2023.

CISA, 2023b, Malicious Cyber Activity Against Election Infrastructure Unlikely to Disrupt or Prevent Voting. <www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2023-01/psa_cyber-activity_508.pdf>, accessed 12.09.2023.

Craufurd Smith R., 2019, Fake news, French Law and democratic legitimacy: lessons for the United Kingdom? Journal of Media Law, 11, 52–81, DOI: 10.1080/17577632.2019.1679424.

Dalby S., 2020, Anthropocene Geopolitics: Globalization, Security, Sustainability. University of Ottawa Press, Ottawa, Canada.

Dannreuther R., 2013, International Security: The Contemporary Agenda. 2nd Ed, Polity Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, ISBN: 978-0-745-65377-8.

EPIC, 2023, Election Security. <https://epic.org/issues/cybersecurity/election-security/>, accessed 20.07.2023.

EU, 2019, Council Regulation (EU) 2019/796 of 17 May 2019 concerning restrictive measures against cyber-attacks threatening the Union or its Member States. Official Journal of the European Union, LI 129/1.

EUROPA, 2018, Joint Communication to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – Action Plan against Disinformation, Join(2018)36. Final. <https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/action-plan-against-disinformation>, accessed 17/12/2023.

EUROPA, 2020, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the European democracy action plan. COM(2020) 790 Final, 03.12.2020, <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?amp;qid=1607079662423&uri=COM:2020:790:FIN>, accessed 17/12/2023.

European Parliament, 2022, European Parliament resolution of 9 March 2022 on foreign interference in all democratic processes in the European Union, including disinformation (2020/2268(INI)). <https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2022-0064_EN.html>, , accessed 17/12/2023

Giannopoulos G., Smith H., Theocharidou M. (Eds.), 2021, The Landscape of Hybrid Threats. A Conceptual Model. Public Version. European Union and Hybrid CoE, Luxembourg.

Guillaume M., 2019, Combating the manipulation of information – a French case. Hybrid CoE Strategic Analysis, 16, <https://www.hybridcoe.fi/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/HybridCoE_SA_16_manipulation-of-information_.pdf>, accessed 17/12/2023.

Isaszegi J., 2015, The 21st century is a war of living space for land, water and food . (in Hungarian), létezésért! Gondolat kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.

JUSTICE.GOV, 2023, Key Findings and Recommendations from the Joint Report of the Department of Justice and the Department of Homeland Security on Foreign Interference Targeting Election Infrastructure or Political Organization, Campaign, or Candidate Infrastructure Related to the 2020 US Federal Elections, <https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1376761/download>, accessed 17/12/2023.

Khanna P., 2016, Connectography: Mapping the Future of Global Civilization, Random House, New York, United States.

Kirk N., Teeling L., 2021, A review of political advertising online during the 2019 European Elections and establishing future regulatory requirements in Ireland, Irish Political Studies, 1, DOI: 10.1080/07907184.2021.1907888.

Kwak J., Jo J., Ku D., Lee S., 2022, The Relationship between Green Transportation and Leisure Travel Based on Social Media Data, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 97, 115-120.

Lynch C., 2021, The regulation of online political advertising Evaluating the Government’s proposals. L&RS Note, <data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/libraryResearch/2021/2021-02-08_l-rs-note-the-regulation-of-online-political-advertising-evaluating-the-government-s-proposals_en.pdf>, accessed 12.09.2023.

Makela J., 2019, Countering Disinformation: News Media and Legal Resilience, Hybrid CoE Paper, No. 1, <https://www.hybridcoe.fi/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/News-Media-and-Legal-Resilience_2019_HCPaper-ISSN.pdf >, accessed 17/12/2023.

Moran D. (ed.), 2011, Climate Change and National Security: A Country-Level Analysis. Georgetown University Press, Washington, United States.

NCTV, 2021, Cyber Security Assessment Netherlands 2021. <https://english.nctv.nl/binaries/nctv-en/documenten/publications/2021/08/05/cyber-security-assessment-netherlands-2021/CSBN2021_EN_02.pdf>, accessed 17/12/2023.

Németh R., 2022, The effect of home office work introduced due to the COVID-19 epidemic on working conditions and organizational communication in a large company environment. (in Hungarian), Jog Állam Politika, No. 4. 87-109.

Rosenstedt L., 2021, Improving Cooperation with Social Media Companies to Counter Electoral Interference, Hybrid CoE Paper, No. 5, <https://www.hybridcoe.fi/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/07022021_HybridCoE-Paper-5_Public-private-Cooperation.pdf>, accessed 17/12/2023.

Squillace J., Hozella Z., Cappella J., 2023, Maintaining a Secure Foundation of Cybersecurity Awareness while Reducing eWaste and Carbon Output through Ethical User Actions and Sustainable Green Computing. AI, Computer Science and Robotics Technology , 2, DOI: 10.5772/acrt.18.

Tenove C., Buffie J., McKay S., Moscrop D., 2018., Digital Threats to Democratic Elections – How Foreign Actors Use Digital Techniques to Undermine Democracy. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

WIPO, 2023, Amendments to the Electronic Mass Media Law (Latvia). <www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text/582042>, accessed 12.09.2023.


Connection

E-mail address: cos@sze.hu

Latest news

  • 10 invited keynotes and 2 plenaries
  • 300 abstracts 
  • 196 manuscripts for oral presentation (until now)